Polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic function, γδ T-lymphocytes and testosterone as separate stress-responsive markers of prolonged, high-intensity training programs.

Autor: Leal DV; Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 9EA, UK.; Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, University Institute of Maia, Maia, 4475-690, Portugal., Standing ASI; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK.; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA., Furmanski AL; School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK., Hough J; Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Polhill Avenue, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK41 9EA, UK.; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Brain, behavior, & immunity - health [Brain Behav Immun Health] 2021 Mar 06; Vol. 13, pp. 100234. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 06 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100234
Abstrakt: Excessive exercise with limited recovery may lead to detrimental states of overreaching or the overtraining syndrome. Chronic maladaptation in endocrine and immune mechanisms occur with the incidence of these states. Exercise-induced cortisol and testosterone responses have been proposed as biomarkers of overreaching, with blunted responses following intensified-training periods. Yet, limited information on the effects of overreaching in immunity is available. Healthy individuals completed a 30-min running protocol (the RPE TP ) before and after a 12-day intensified-training period. Blood and saliva were collected before, after and 30min after RPE TP at pre-training and post-training. Plasma and salivary cortisol and testosterone, leucocyte proliferation and polymorphonuclear leucocyte phagocytic activity were examined. Plasma and salivary cortisol were acutely unaffected pre-training (-14% and 0%, p  ​> ​0.05) and post-training (-14% and +46%, p  ​> ​0.05). Comparing pre-training with post-training, blunted responses were observed in plasma testosterone (43%-19%, p  ​< ​0.05) and salivary testosterone (55%-24%, p  ​> ​0.05). No acute or resting changes in total leucocyte counts or most leucocyte subsets occurred pre-training or post-training. Yet, a 194% acute elevation in γδ T-lymphocyte number occurred pre-training ( p  ​< ​0.05), and average resting concentrations were 174% higher post-training. Baseline phagocytic activity was 47% lower post-training ( p  ​< ​0.05). Intensified training was detrimental, significantly reducing phagocytic activity. Testosterone blunted post-training, indicating an excessive training-related hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal dysfunction. The γδ T-lymphocytes sensitivity to exercise was noted, rendering it as a potential stress-responsive cellular marker. The usefulness of the RPE TP to track the onset of overreaching is proposed.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(© 2021 The Authors.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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