Diabetes Microvascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment After High-Deductible Health Plan Enrollment.

Autor:	Wharam JF; Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA.; Department of Medicine, Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC., Wallace J; University of Washington, Seattle, WA., Argetsinger S; Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA., Zhang F; Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA., Lu CY; Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA., Stryjewski TP; Tallman Eye Associates, Lawrence, MA., Ross-Degnan D; Division of Health Policy and Insurance Research, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA., Newhouse JP; Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.; Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA.; National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Diabetes care [Diabetes Care] 2022 Aug 01; Vol. 45 (8), pp. 1754-1761.
DOI:	10.2337/dc21-0407
Abstrakt:	Objective: The Affordable Care Act mandates that primary preventive services have no out-of-pocket costs but does not exempt secondary prevention from out-of-pocket costs. Most commercially insured patients with diabetes have high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) that subject key microvascular disease-related services to high out-of-pocket costs. Brief treatment delays can significantly worsen microvascular disease outcomes. Research Design and Methods: This cohort study used a large national commercial (and Medicare Advantage) health insurance claims data set to examine matched groups before and after an insurance design change. The study group included 50,790 patients with diabetes who were continuously enrolled in low-deductible (≤$500) health plans during a baseline year, followed by up to 4 years in high-deductible (≥$1,000) plans after an employer-mandated switch. HDHPs had low out-of-pocket costs for nephropathy screening but not retinopathy screening. A matched control group included 335,178 patients with diabetes who were contemporaneously enrolled in low-deductible plans. Measures included time to first detected microvascular disease screening, severe microvascular disease diagnosis, vision loss diagnosis/treatment, and renal function loss diagnosis/treatment. Results: HDHP enrollment was associated with relative delays in retinopathy screening (0.7 months [95% CI 0.4, 1.0]), severe retinopathy diagnosis (2.9 months [0.5, 5.3]), and vision loss diagnosis/treatment (3.8 months [1.2, 6.3]). Nephropathy-associated measures did not change to a statistically significant degree among HDHP members relative to control subjects at follow-up. Conclusions: People with diabetes in HDHPs experienced delayed retinopathy diagnosis and vision loss diagnosis/treatment of up to 3.8 months compared with low-deductible plan enrollees. Findings raise concerns about visual health among HDHP members and call attention to discrepancies in Affordable Care Act cost sharing exemptions. (© 2022 by the American Diabetes Association.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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