Deficiency of vitamins C and E in women of childbearing age in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Autor:	Lucchetta RC; PhD. Pharmacist and Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil., Cavicchioli SA; Undergraduate Student, Universidade de Araraquara (UNIARA), Araraquara (SP), Brazil., Gini ALR; Undergraduate Student, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil., Forgerini M; Pharmacist and Doctoral Student, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil., Varallo FR; PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FCFRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil., Nadai MN; MD, PhD. Professor, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru (SP), Brazil., Fernandez-Llimos F; PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal., Mastroianni PC; PhD. Pharmacist and Professor, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina [Sao Paulo Med J] 2021 Sep 27; Vol. 139 (6), pp. 545-555. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 27 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0799.R1.0904221
Abstrakt:	Background: Despite the several options available for supplements containing vitamins C and E, evidence regarding the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of these vitamins is weak. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of deficiency or insufficiency of vitamins C and E and associated factors among women of childbearing age, in Brazil. Design and Setting: Systematic review and meta-analysis conducted at a Brazilian public university. Methods: A search from index inception until May 2020 was conducted. Meta-analyses were performed using inverse variance for fixed models, with summary proportions calculation using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine (base case). Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. Results: Our review identified 12 studies, comprising 1,316 participants, especially breastfeeding women. There was at least one quality weakness in all studies, mainly regarding sampling method (i.e. convenience sampling) and small sample size. The prevalence of vitamin C deficiency ranged from 0% to 40%. Only vitamin E deficiency was synthetized in meta-analyses, with mean prevalences of 6% regardless of the alpha-tocopherol cutoff in plasma, and 5% and 16% for cutoffs of < 1.6-12.0 mmol/l and < 16.2 mmol/l, respectively. The cumulative meta-analysis suggested that a trend to lower prevalence of vitamin E deficiency occurred in recent studies. Conclusions: Although the studies identified in this systematic review had poor methodological and reporting quality, mild-moderate vitamin C and E deficiencies were identified, especially in breastfeeding women. Thus, designing and implementing policies does not seem to be a priority, because the need has not been properly dimensioned among women of childbearing age in Brazil. Registration Number in Prospero: CRD42020221605.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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