New Insights Into Osteoclast Biology.

Autor: McDonald MM; Bone Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Theme Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia.; St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia., Kim AS; Bone Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Theme Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia.; St Vincent's Clinical School Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia.; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia., Mulholland BS; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Griffith University Gold Coast QLD Australia.; Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University Gold Coast QLD Australia., Rauner M; Department of Medicine III Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany.; Center for Healthy Aging Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: JBMR plus [JBMR Plus] 2021 Aug 30; Vol. 5 (9), pp. e10539. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 30 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10539
Abstrakt: Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are characterized by their unique ability to resorb large quantities of bone. Therefore, they are frequently the target of therapeutic interventions to ameliorate bone loss. In an adult organism, osteoclasts derive from hematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into osteoclasts within a multistep process under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Historically, the osteoclast life cycle has been defined as linear, whereby lineage-committed mononuclear precursors fuse to generate multinucleated highly specialized and localized bone phagocytic cells, which then undergo apoptosis within weeks. Recent advances through lineage tracing, single cell RNA sequencing, parabiosis, and intravital imaging approaches have challenged this dogma, revealing they have greater longevity and the capacity to circulate and undergo cell recycling. Indeed, these new insights highlight that under homeostatic conditions very few incidences of osteoclast apoptosis occur. More importantly, as we revisit the formation and fate of the osteoclast, novel methods to target osteoclast biology in bone pathology and regeneration are emerging. This review briefly summarizes the historical life cycle of osteoclasts and highlights recent discoveries made through advanced methodologies, which have led to a paradigm shift in osteoclast biology. These findings are discussed in light of both existing and emerging bone targeted therapeutics, bone pathologies, and communication between osteoclasts and cells resident in bone or at distant sites. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Competing Interests: MR received honoraria from Amgen/UCB and Diasorin for lectures. MMM received honoraria from Amgen for lectures.
(© 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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