Crop genetic erosion: understanding and responding to loss of crop diversity.

Autor: Khoury CK; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, 763537, Cali, Colombia.; Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.; San Diego Botanic Garden, 230 Quail Gardens Dr., Encinitas, CA, 92024, USA., Brush S; University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA., Costich DE; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237, Texcoco, México., Curry HA; Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, Free School Lane, Cambridge, CB2 3RH, UK., de Haan S; International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apartado Postal 1558, Lima, Peru., Engels JMM; Bioversity International, Via di San Domenico 1, 00153, Rome, Italy., Guarino L; Global Crop Diversity Trust, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113, Bonn, Germany., Hoban S; The Morton Arboretum, The Center for Tree Science, 4100 IL-53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA., Mercer KL; Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA., Miller AJ; Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 1 N. Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO, 63103, USA.; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA., Nabhan GP; Southwest Center and Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, 1401 E. First St., PO Box 210185, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0185, USA., Perales HR; Departamento de Agroecología, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal, Chiapas, 29290, México., Richards C; National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1111 South Mason Street, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA., Riggins C; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 331 Edward R. Madigan Lab, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA., Thormann I; Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179, Bonn, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The New phytologist [New Phytol] 2022 Jan; Vol. 233 (1), pp. 84-118. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 20.
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17733
Abstrakt: Crop diversity underpins the productivity, resilience and adaptive capacity of agriculture. Loss of this diversity, termed crop genetic erosion, is therefore concerning. While alarms regarding evident declines in crop diversity have been raised for over a century, the magnitude, trajectory, drivers and significance of these losses remain insufficiently understood. We outline the various definitions, measurements, scales and sources of information on crop genetic erosion. We then provide a synthesis of evidence regarding changes in the diversity of traditional crop landraces on farms, modern crop cultivars in agriculture, crop wild relatives in their natural habitats and crop genetic resources held in conservation repositories. This evidence indicates that marked losses, but also maintenance and increases in diversity, have occurred in all these contexts, the extent depending on species, taxonomic and geographic scale, and region, as well as analytical approach. We discuss steps needed to further advance knowledge around the agricultural and societal significance, as well as conservation implications, of crop genetic erosion. Finally, we propose actions to mitigate, stem and reverse further losses of crop diversity.
(© 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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