International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance.

Autor: Grgic J; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. jozo.grgic@live.vu.edu.au., Pedisic Z; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia., Saunders B; Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.; Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil., Artioli GG; Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK., Schoenfeld BJ; Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA., McKenna MJ; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia., Bishop DJ; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia., Kreider RB; Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA., Stout JR; Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA., Kalman DS; Nutrion Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA.; Scientific Affairs. Nutrasource, Guelph, ON, Canada., Arent SM; Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA., VanDusseldorp TA; Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA., Lopez HL; The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, USA.; Supplement Safety Solutions, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA., Ziegenfuss TN; The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Stow, OH, USA., Burke LM; Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia., Antonio J; Exercise and Sport Science, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, 33314, USA., Campbell BI; Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition [J Int Soc Sports Nutr] 2021 Sep 09; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 61. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 09.
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00458-w
Abstrakt: Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society: 1. Supplementation with sodium bicarbonate (doses from 0.2 to 0.5 g/kg) improves performance in muscular endurance activities, various combat sports, including boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling, and in high-intensity cycling, running, swimming, and rowing. The ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate are mostly established for exercise tasks of high-intensity that last between 30 s and 12 min. 2. Sodium bicarbonate improves performance in single- and multiple-bout exercise. 3. Sodium bicarbonate improves exercise performance in both men and women. 4. For single-dose supplementation protocols, 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate seems to be the minimum dose required to experience improvements in exercise performance. The optimal dose of sodium bicarbonate dose for ergogenic effects seems to be 0.3 g/kg. Higher doses (e.g., 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg) may not be required in single-dose supplementation protocols, because they do not provide additional benefits (compared with 0.3 g/kg) and are associated with a higher incidence and severity of adverse side-effects. 5. For single-dose supplementation protocols, the recommended timing of sodium bicarbonate ingestion is between 60 and 180 min before exercise or competition. 6. Multiple-day protocols of sodium bicarbonate supplementation can be effective in improving exercise performance. The duration of these protocols is generally between 3 and 7 days before the exercise test, and a total sodium bicarbonate dose of 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg per day produces ergogenic effects. The total daily dose is commonly divided into smaller doses, ingested at multiple points throughout the day (e.g., 0.1 to 0.2 g/kg of sodium bicarbonate consumed at breakfast, lunch, and dinner). The benefit of multiple-day protocols is that they could help reduce the risk of sodium bicarbonate-induced side-effects on the day of competition. 7. Long-term use of sodium bicarbonate (e.g., before every exercise training session) may enhance training adaptations, such as increased time to fatigue and power output. 8. The most common side-effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation are bloating, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The incidence and severity of side-effects vary between and within individuals, but it is generally low. Nonetheless, these side-effects following sodium bicarbonate supplementation may negatively impact exercise performance. Ingesting sodium bicarbonate (i) in smaller doses (e.g., 0.2 g/kg or 0.3 g/kg), (ii) around 180 min before exercise or adjusting the timing according to individual responses to side-effects, (iii) alongside a high-carbohydrate meal, and (iv) in enteric-coated capsules are possible strategies to minimize the likelihood and severity of these side-effects. 9. Combining sodium bicarbonate with creatine or beta-alanine may produce additive effects on exercise performance. It is unclear whether combining sodium bicarbonate with caffeine or nitrates produces additive benefits. 10. Sodium bicarbonate improves exercise performance primarily due to a range of its physiological effects. Still, a portion of the ergogenic effect of sodium bicarbonate seems to be placebo-driven.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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