Automatic Sensory Predictions: A Review of Predictive Mechanisms in the Brain and Their Link to Conscious Processing.
| Autor: | Tivadar RI; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Knight RT; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States., Tzovara A; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center | NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in human neuroscience [Front Hum Neurosci] 2021 Aug 18; Vol. 15, pp. 702520. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 18 (Print Publication: 2021). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fnhum.2021.702520 |
| Abstrakt: | The human brain has the astonishing capacity of integrating streams of sensory information from the environment and forming predictions about future events in an automatic way. Despite being initially developed for visual processing, the bulk of predictive coding research has subsequently focused on auditory processing, with the famous mismatch negativity signal as possibly the most studied signature of a surprise or prediction error (PE) signal. Auditory PEs are present during various consciousness states. Intriguingly, their presence and characteristics have been linked with residual levels of consciousness and return of awareness. In this review we first give an overview of the neural substrates of predictive processes in the auditory modality and their relation to consciousness. Then, we focus on different states of consciousness - wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, coma, meditation, and hypnosis - and on what mysteries predictive processing has been able to disclose about brain functioning in such states. We review studies investigating how the neural signatures of auditory predictions are modulated by states of reduced or lacking consciousness. As a future outlook, we propose the combination of electrophysiological and computational techniques that will allow investigation of which facets of sensory predictive processes are maintained when consciousness fades away. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Tivadar, Knight and Tzovara.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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