How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity.

Autor: Feng X; Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA. fengxiao.sci@gmail.com., Merow C; Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA., Liu Z; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China., Park DS; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.; Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA., Roehrdanz PR; The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA., Maitner B; Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA., Newman EA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Boyle BL; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; Hardner & Gullison Associates, Amherst, NH, USA., Lien A; Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Burger JR; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA., Pires MM; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil., Brando PM; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.; Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasilia, Brazil., Bush MB; Insitute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA., McMichael CNH; Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Neves DM; Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Nikolopoulos EI; Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA., Saleska SR; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Hannah L; The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA., Breshears DD; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Evans TP; School of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Soto JR; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Ernst KC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Enquist BJ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature [Nature] 2021 Sep; Vol. 597 (7877), pp. 516-521. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 01.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7
Abstrakt: Biodiversity contributes to the ecological and climatic stability of the Amazon Basin 1,2 , but is increasingly threatened by deforestation and fire 3,4 . Here we quantify these impacts over the past two decades using remote-sensing estimates of fire and deforestation and comprehensive range estimates of 11,514 plant species and 3,079 vertebrate species in the Amazon. Deforestation has led to large amounts of habitat loss, and fires further exacerbate this already substantial impact on Amazonian biodiversity. Since 2001, 103,079-189,755 km 2 of Amazon rainforest has been impacted by fires, potentially impacting the ranges of 77.3-85.2% of species that are listed as threatened in this region 5 . The impacts of fire on the ranges of species in Amazonia could be as high as 64%, and greater impacts are typically associated with species that have restricted ranges. We find close associations between forest policy, fire-impacted forest area and their potential impacts on biodiversity. In Brazil, forest policies that were initiated in the mid-2000s corresponded to reduced rates of burning. However, relaxed enforcement of these policies in 2019 has seemingly begun to reverse this trend: approximately 4,253-10,343 km 2 of forest has been impacted by fire, leading to some of the most severe potential impacts on biodiversity since 2009. These results highlight the critical role of policy enforcement in the preservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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