Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa.

Autor:	Spies CFJ; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa., Mostert L; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., Carlucci A; Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and the Environment, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy., Moyo P; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., van Jaarsveld WJ; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., du Plessis IL; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., van Dyk M; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa., Halleen F; Plant Protection Division, ARC, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Persoonia [Persoonia] 2020 Dec; Vol. 45, pp. 196-220. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 29.
DOI:	10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.08
Abstrakt:	Trunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa. This survey investigated the diversity of fungi and symptoms associated with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Isolations were made from internal wood symptoms of 145 European and 42 wild olive trees sampled in 10 and 9 districts, respectively. A total of 99 taxa were identified among 440 fungal isolates using combinations of morphological and molecular techniques. A new species of Pseudophaeomoniella , P. globosa , had the highest incidence, being recovered from 42.8 % of European and 54.8 % of wild olive samples. This species was recovered from 9 of the 10 districts where European olive trees were sampled and from all districts where wild olive trees were sampled. Members of the Phaeomoniellales (mainly P. globosa ) were the most prevalent fungi in five of the seven symptom types considered, the only exceptions being twig dieback, where members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were more common, and soft/white rot where only Basidiomycota were recovered. Several of the species identified are known as pathogens of olives or other woody crops either in South Africa or elsewhere in the world, including species of Neofusicoccum , Phaeoacremonium , and Pleurostoma richardsiae . However, 81 of the 99 taxa identified have not previously been recorded on olive trees and have unknown interactions with this host. These taxa include one new genus and several putative new species, of which four are formally described as Celerioriella umnquma sp. nov., Pseudophaeomoniella globosa sp. nov., Vredendaliella oleae gen. & sp. nov., and Xenocylindrosporium margaritarum sp. nov. (© 2019–2020 Naturalis Biodiversity Center & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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