Sprays and diffusers as indoor air fresheners: Exposure and health risk assessment based on measurements under realistic indoor conditions.

Autor: Karr G; Ineris (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), ISAE, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France., Quivet E; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France., Ramel M; Ineris (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), ISAE, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France., Nicolas M; CSTB (Scientific and Technical Center for Building), Pollem, Saint Martin d'Hères, France.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Indoor air [Indoor Air] 2022 Jan; Vol. 32 (1), pp. e12923. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 27.
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12923
Abstrakt: Noncombustible air fresheners are indoor air emission sources of concern. The associated health risks should be better understood. Based on 15 products (4 sprays, 6 passive diffusers, and 5 active diffusers), the health risk assessment (HRA) approach was applied to a national use survey in France and to concentrations measured in an experimental house. The targeted substances included volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls, and fine particles (PM 2.5 ). Mean-use and reasonable worst-case generic scenarios were designed. No situation of concern occurred regarding chronic exposure associated with the mean use. Under the reasonable worst-case scenarios, the chronic risk could exceed selected health reference standards, mainly for acrolein (average inhaled concentration (AIC) up to 3.5 µg/m 3 ), benzene (AIC up to 4 µg/m 3 ), and limonene (AIC up to 8 mg/m 3 ). The acute exposure, defined as a 1-h exposure, could exceed selected health standards, primarily for acrolein (up to 23 µg/m 3 ) and formaldehyde (up to approximately 370 µg/m 3 ). Furthermore, the 1-h average PM 2.5 concentration, including ultrafine particles, could exceed 100 µg/m 3 , typically for sprays. These results suggest that the highest exposures should be reduced and, as such, that the emissions of the highest-emissivity products should be lowered.
(© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje