The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity.

Autor: Zhang X; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA., Levia DF; Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA., Ebikade EO; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA., Chang J; Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA., Vlachos DG; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA., Wu C; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of applied toxicology : JAT [J Appl Toxicol] 2022 Mar; Vol. 42 (3), pp. 423-435. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 27.
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4229
Abstrakt: Lignin and lignin-based materials have received considerable attention in various fields due to their promise as sustainable feedstocks. Guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) are two primary monolignols that occur in different ratios for different plant species. As methoxyphenols, G and S have been targeted as atmospheric pollutants and their acute toxicity examined. However, there is a rare understanding of the toxicological properties on other endpoints and mixture effects of these monolignols. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated the impact of different S/G ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and three lignin depolymerization samples from poplar, pine, and miscanthus species on mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. A multitiered method consisted of in silico simulation, in vitro Ames test, and in vivo chicken embryonic assay was employed. In the Ames test, syringol showed a sign of mutagenicity, whereas guaiacol did not, which agreed with the T.E.S.T. simulation. For three S and G mixture and lignin monomers, mutagenic activity was related to the proportion of syringol. In addition, both S and G showed developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay and T.E.S.T. simulation, and guaiacol had a severe effect on lipid peroxidation. A similar trend and comparable developmental toxicity levels were detected for S and G mixtures and the three lignin depolymerized monomers. This study provides data and insights on the differential toxicity of varying S/G ratios for some important building blocks for bio-based materials.
(© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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