Role of Exosomes in Islet Transplantation.

Autor:	Mattke J; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States., Vasu S; Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States., Darden CM; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States., Kumano K; Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States., Lawrence MC; Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, United States., Naziruddin B; Baylor Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in endocrinology [Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)] 2021 Aug 10; Vol. 12, pp. 681600. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 10 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fendo.2021.681600
Abstrakt:	Exosomes are known for their ability to transport nucleic acid, lipid, and protein molecules, which allows for communication between cells and tissues. The cargo of the exosomes can have a variety of effects on a wide range of targets to mediate biological function. Pancreatic islet transplantation is a minimally invasive cell replacement therapy to prevent or reverse diabetes mellitus and is currently performed in patients with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes or chronic pancreatitis. Exosomes have become a focus in the field of islet transplantation for the study of diagnostic markers of islet cell viability and function. A growing list of miRNAs identified from exosomes collected during the process of isolating islets can be used as diagnostic biomarkers of islet stress and damage, leading to a better understanding of critical steps of the isolation procedure that can be improved to increase islet yield and quality. Exosomes have also been implicated as a possible contributor to islet graft rejection following transplantation, as they carry donor major histocompatibility complex molecules, which are then processed by recipient antigen-presenting cells and sensed by the recipient immune cells. Exosomes may find their way into the therapeutic realm of islet transplantation, as exosomes isolated from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promising results in early studies that have seen increased viability and functionality of isolated and grafted islets in vitro as well as in vivo . With the study of exosomes still in its infancy, continued research on the role of exosomes in islet transplantation will be paramount to understanding beta cell regeneration and improving long-term graft function. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Mattke, Vasu, Darden, Kumano, Lawrence and Naziruddin.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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