Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality.

Autor:	Wittwer RA; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland.; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikersrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland., Bender SF; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland.; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikersrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland., Hartman K; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland., Hydbom S; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden., Lima RAA; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland., Loaiza V; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland., Nemecek T; Agroscope, Research Division Competitiveness and System Evaluation, Life Cycle Assessment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland., Oehl F; Agroscope, Competence Division for Plants and Plant Products, Ecotoxicology, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland., Olsson PA; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden., Petchey O; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland., Prechsl UE; Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, Auer/Ora BZ 39040, Italy., Schlaeppi K; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.; University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland., Scholten T; Soil Science and Geomorphology, Institute of Geography, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany., Seitz S; Soil Science and Geomorphology, Institute of Geography, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstrasse 19-23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany., Six J; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH-Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland., van der Heijden MGA; Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Plant-Soil-Interactions, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland. marcel.vanderheijden@agroscope.admin.ch.; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikersrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Science advances [Sci Adv] 2021 Aug 20; Vol. 7 (34). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 20 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1126/sciadv.abg6995
Abstrakt:	Ecosystems provide multiple services to humans. However, agricultural systems are usually evaluated on their productivity and economic performance, and a systematic and quantitative assessment of the multifunctionality of agroecosystems including environmental services is missing. Using a long-term farming system experiment, we evaluated and compared the agronomic, economic, and ecological performance of the most widespread arable cropping systems in Europe: organic, conservation, and conventional agriculture. We analyzed 43 agroecosystem properties and determined overall agroecosystem multifunctionality. We show that organic and conservation agriculture promoted ecosystem multifunctionality, especially by enhancing regulating and supporting services, including biodiversity preservation, soil and water quality, and climate mitigation. In contrast, conventional cropping showed reduced multifunctionality but delivered highest yield. Organic production resulted in higher economic performance, thanks to higher product prices and additional support payments. Our results demonstrate that different cropping systems provide opposing services, enforcing the productivity-environmental protection dilemma for agroecosystem functioning. (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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