Reliability and validity of the Actiwatch and Clouclip for measuring illumination in real-world conditions.

Autor: Howell CM; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK., McCullough SJ; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK., Doyle L; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK., Murphy MH; Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, School of Sport, Ulster University, Jordanstown, UK., Saunders KJ; Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) [Ophthalmic Physiol Opt] 2021 Sep; Vol. 41 (5), pp. 1048-1059. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 13.
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12860
Abstrakt: Purpose: To compare real-world measures of illumination obtained with the Actiwatch-2 and Clouclip-M2 with 'gold standard' photometry measures and to evaluate the ability of Actiwatch-2 to correctly identify photometer-defined conditions: scotopic (≤0.01 lux), mesopic (0.02-3 lux), indoor photopic (>3-1,000 lux) and outdoor photopic (>1,000 lux); and Clouclip to correctly identify photometer-defined conditions within its operating range (>1 lux). Inter-device reliability of Clouclip for illumination and viewing distance measures was also investigated.
Methods: A Hagner-S2 photometer was used as reference. Measures of illumination were obtained from a range of real-world conditions. To investigate inter-device reliability, five Clouclips were simultaneously exposed to varied light conditions and object distances.
Results: Strong correlations existed between illumination measured with the photometer and both Actiwatch-2 (ρ = 0.99, p < 0.0001) and Clouclip (ρ = 0.99, p < 0.0001). However, both devices underestimated illumination compared to the photometer; disparity increased with increasing illumination and was greater for Actiwatch-2 than Clouclip measures. Actiwatch-2 successfully categorised illumination level (scotopic, mesopic, indoor and outdoor photopic) in 71.2% of cases. Clouclip successfully categorised illumination levels as scotopic/mesopic (≤3 lux) and indoor and outdoor photopic in 100% of cases. Mean differences and limits of agreement (LOA) were 430.92 ± 1,828.74 and 79.35 ± 407.33 lux, between the photometer and Actiwatch-2 and photometer and Clouclip, respectively. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficients for illumination and viewing distance measured with five Clouclips were 0.85 and 0.96, respectively.
Conclusion: These data illustrate that different Clouclip devices produce comparable measures of viewing distance and illumination in real-world settings. Both Actiwatch-2 and Clouclip underestimate illumination in the field compared to gold standard photometer measures. The disparity increases at higher levels of illumination and the discrepancy was greater for Actiwatch-2 measures. For researchers interested in categorising light exposure, Clouclip classifies illumination levels >2 lux more accurately than Actiwatch-2 but cannot discriminate between scotopic and low mesopic light.
(© 2021 The Authors. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of College of Optometrists.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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