A distinct negative leader propagation mode.

Autor: Scholten O; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands. O.Scholten@rug.nl.; KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. O.Scholten@rug.nl.; Interuniversity Institute for High-Energy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. O.Scholten@rug.nl., Hare BM; Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University Groningen, Landleven 12, 9747 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands., Dwyer J; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA., Liu N; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA., Sterpka C; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA., Kolmašová I; Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia., Santolík O; Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia., Lán R; Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia., Uhlíř L; Department of Space Physics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia., Buitink S; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Corstanje A; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Falcke H; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121, Bonn, Germany., Huege T; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.; Institut für Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany., Hörandel JR; Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.; Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Krampah GK; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Mitra P; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Mulrey K; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Nelles A; Erlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Univeristät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.; DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738, Zeuthen, Germany., Pandya H; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Rachen JP; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium., Trinh TNG; Department of Physics, School of Education, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam., Ter Veen S; Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands., Thoudam S; Department of Physics, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates., Winchen T; Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Aug 10; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 16256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 10.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95433-5
Abstrakt: The common phenomenon of lightning still harbors many secrets such as what are the conditions for lightning initiation and what is driving the discharge to propagate over several tens of kilometers through the atmosphere forming conducting ionized channels called leaders. Since lightning is an electric discharge phenomenon, there are positively and negatively charged leaders. In this work we report on measurements made with the LOFAR radio telescope, an instrument primarily build for radio-astronomy observations. It is observed that a negative leader rather suddenly changes, for a few milliseconds, into a mode where it radiates 100 times more VHF power than typical negative leaders after which it spawns a large number of more typical negative leaders. This mode occurs during the initial stage, soon after initiation, of all lightning flashes we have mapped (about 25). For some flashes this mode occurs also well after initiation and we show one case where it is triggered twice, some 100 ms apart. We postulate that this is indicative of a small (order of 5 km[Formula: see text]) high charge pocket. Lightning thus appears to be initiated exclusively in the vicinity of such a small but dense charge pocket.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:
Nepřihlášeným uživatelům se plný text nezobrazuje