Distinct roles of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms for establishing tension and elasticity during cell morphodynamics.

Autor:	Weißenbruch K; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.; Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany., Grewe J; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Hippler M; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.; Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany., Fladung M; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany., Tremmel M; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany., Stricker K; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany., Schwarz US; Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.; BioQuant-Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Bastmeyer M; Zoological Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.; Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	ELife [Elife] 2021 Aug 10; Vol. 10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 10.
DOI:	10.7554/eLife.71888
Abstrakt:	Nonmuscle myosin II (NM II) is an integral part of essential cellular processes, including adhesion and migration. Mammalian cells express up to three isoforms termed NM IIA, B, and C. We used U2OS cells to create CRISPR/Cas9-based knockouts of all three isoforms and analyzed the phenotypes on homogenously coated surfaces, in collagen gels, and on micropatterned substrates. In contrast to homogenously coated surfaces, a structured environment supports a cellular phenotype with invaginated actin arcs even in the absence of NM IIA-induced contractility. A quantitative shape analysis of cells on micropatterns combined with a scale-bridging mathematical model reveals that NM IIA is essential to build up cellular tension during initial stages of force generation, while NM IIB is necessary to elastically stabilize NM IIA-generated tension. A dynamic cell stretch/release experiment in a three-dimensional scaffold confirms these conclusions and in addition reveals a novel role for NM IIC, namely the ability to establish tensional homeostasis. Competing Interests: KW, JG, MH, MF, MT, KS, US, MB No competing interests declared (© 2021, Weißenbruch et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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