On the Trail of the German Purity Law: Distinguishing the Metabolic Signatures of Wheat, Corn and Rice in Beer.
| Autor: | Pieczonka SA; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany., Paravicini S; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany., Rychlik M; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany., Schmitt-Kopplin P; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.; Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in chemistry [Front Chem] 2021 Jul 20; Vol. 9, pp. 715372. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 20 (Print Publication: 2021). |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fchem.2021.715372 |
| Abstrakt: | Here, we report a non-targeted analytical approach to investigate the influence of different starch sources on the metabolic signature in the final beer product. An extensive sample set of commercial beers brewed with barley, wheat, corn and/or rice were analyzed by both direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (DI-FTICR MS, 400 samples) and UPLC-ToF-MS (100 samples). By its unrivaled mass resolution and accuracy, DI-FTICR-MS was able to uncover the compositional space of both polar and non-polar metabolites that can be traced back to the use of different starch sources. Reversed phase UPLC-ToF-MS was used to access information about molecular structures (MS 2 -fragmentation spectra) and isomeric separation, with a focus on less polar compounds. Both analytical approaches were able to achieve a clear statistical differentiation (OPLS-DA) of beer samples and reveal metabolic profiles according to the starch source. A mass difference network analysis, applied to the exact marker masses resolved by FTICR, showed a network of potential secondary metabolites specific to wheat, corn and rice. By MS 2 -similarity networks, database and literature search, we were able to identify metabolites and compound classes significant for the use of the different starch sources. Those were also found in the corresponding brewing raw materials, confirming the potential of our approach for quality control and monitoring. Our results also include the identification of the aspartic acid-conjugate of N-β-D-glucopyranosyl-indole-3-acetic acid as a potential marker for the use of rice in the brewing industry regarding quality control and food inspection purposes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Pieczonka, Paravicini, Rychlik and Schmitt-Kopplin.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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