RNA Is a Double-Edged Sword in ALS Pathogenesis.

Autor:	Zaepfel BL; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.; Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Rothstein JD; Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in cellular neuroscience [Front Cell Neurosci] 2021 Jul 19; Vol. 15, pp. 708181. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 19 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fncel.2021.708181
Abstrakt:	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons. Familial ALS accounts for a small subset of cases (<10-15%) and is caused by dominant mutations in one of more than 10 known genes. Multiple genes have been causally or pathologically linked to both ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Many of these genes encode RNA-binding proteins, so the role of dysregulated RNA metabolism in neurodegeneration is being actively investigated. In addition to defects in RNA metabolism, recent studies provide emerging evidence into how RNA itself can contribute to the degeneration of both motor and cortical neurons. In this review, we discuss the roles of altered RNA metabolism and RNA-mediated toxicity in the context of TARDBP, FUS , and C9ORF72 mutations. Specifically, we focus on recent studies that describe toxic RNA as the potential initiator of disease, disease-associated defects in specific RNA metabolism pathways, as well as how RNA-based approaches can be used as potential therapies. Altogether, we highlight the importance of RNA-based investigations into the molecular progression of ALS, as well as the need for RNA-dependent structural studies of disease-linked RNA-binding proteins to identify clear therapeutic targets. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Zaepfel and Rothstein.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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