Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara antibodies and risk factors in adolescent and adult pregnant women of southeastern Brazil.

Autor: de Oliveira Azevedo P; Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil., Lescano SZ; Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil., Giuffrida R; Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil., Kmetiuk LB; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil., Dos Santos AP; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America., Dangoudoubiyam S; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America., Biondo AW; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.; Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America., Santarém VA; Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2021 Aug 04; Vol. 15 (8), pp. e0009571. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 04 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009571
Abstrakt: Toxocariasis is worldwide endemic parasitic anthropozoonosis with high risk to those in in vulnerable populations and particularly during pregnancy and childhood. Although the prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies has been extensively studied, risk factors of pregnant women of different ages remains to be established. This study was designed to i) assess the presence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in pregnant women that presented to the public health system in a city of southeastern Brazil, and ii) determine the risk factors for toxocariasis in adolescent and adult pregnant women. This cross-sectional study included 280 pregnant women (71 aged up to and including 17 years [adolescents] and 209 aged 18 years and older [adults]). Pregnant women voluntarily agreed to complete a socioeconomic questionnaire and provide serum samples. Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were screened by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess the risks for toxocariasis. Overall, 20.7% of pregnant women were seropositive (33.8% of adolescents and 16.3% of adults). Prevalence in pregnant adolescents was 2.6-fold higher than in adults (Odds ration [OR]: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.42-4.86, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that contact with soil (p = 0.01; OR = 4.76) and being in the first trimester of pregnancy (p = 0.03; OR = 0.17) had significantly greater risk of toxocariasis for adolescents, and attainment of elementary through middle school education level (p = 0.05; OR = 8.33) was a risk factor in adult pregnant women. Toxocariasis is likely underreported and neglected in adolescent pregnant women; this age group should always be monitored for toxocariasis and correspondent clinical signs, particularly at late pregnancy.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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