Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 in Egypt: Epidemiology, Evolutionary Perspective, and Vaccine Approach.

Autor:	Mansour SMG; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., ElBakrey RM; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., Mohamed FF; Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., Hamouda EE; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt., Abdallah MS; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Elbestawy AR; Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt., Ismail MM; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt., Abdien HMF; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Eid AAM; Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in veterinary science [Front Vet Sci] 2021 Jul 15; Vol. 8, pp. 647462. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 15 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fvets.2021.647462
Abstrakt:	Avian orthoavulavirus 1, formerly known as avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1), infects more than 250 different species of birds. It causes a broad range of clinical diseases and results in devastating economic impact due to high morbidity and mortality in addition to trade restrictions. The ease of spread has allowed the virus to disseminate worldwide with subjective virulence, which depends on the virus strain and host species. The emergence of new virulent genotypes among global epizootics, including those from Egypt, illustrates the time-to-time genomic alterations that lead to simultaneous evolution of distinct APMV-1 genotypes at different geographic locations across the world. In Egypt, the Newcastle disease was firstly reported in 1947 and continued to occur, despite rigorous prophylactic vaccination, and remained a potential threat to commercial and backyard poultry production. Since 2005, many researchers have investigated the nature of APMV-1 in different outbreaks, as they found several APMV-1 genotypes circulating among various species. The unique intermingling of migratory, free-living, and domesticated birds besides the availability of frequently mobile wild birds in Egypt may facilitate the evolution power of APMV-1 in Egypt. Pigeons and waterfowls are of interest due to their inclusion in Egyptian poultry industry and their ability to spread the infection to other birds either by presence of different genotypes (as in pigeons) or by harboring a clinically silent disease (as in waterfowl). This review details (i) the genetic and pathobiologic features of APMV-1 infections in Egypt, (ii) the epidemiologic and evolutionary events in different avian species, and (iii) the vaccine applications and challenges in Egypt. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Mansour, ElBakrey, Mohamed, Hamouda, Abdallah, Elbestawy, Ismail, Abdien and Eid.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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