Exploring the Microdiversity Within Marine Bacterial Taxa: Toward an Integrated Biogeography in the Southern Ocean.

Autor:	Schwob G; Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile., Segovia NI; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile.; Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile., González-Wevar C; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Fondap IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile., Cabrol L; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile.; Aix Marseille University, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France., Orlando J; Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Poulin E; Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2021 Jul 14; Vol. 12, pp. 703792. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 14 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2021.703792
Abstrakt:	Most of the microbial biogeographic patterns in the oceans have been depicted at the whole community level, leaving out finer taxonomic resolution (i.e., microdiversity) that is crucial to conduct intra-population phylogeographic study, as commonly done for macroorganisms. Here, we present a new approach to unravel the bacterial phylogeographic patterns combining community-wide survey by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and intra-species resolution through the oligotyping method, allowing robust estimations of genetic and phylogeographic indices, and migration parameters. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on the bacterial genus Spirochaeta across three distant biogeographic provinces of the Southern Ocean; maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctic Islands, and Patagonia. Each targeted Spirochaeta operational taxonomic units were characterized by a substantial intrapopulation microdiversity, and significant genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure among the three provinces. Gene flow estimations among Spirochaeta populations support the role of the Antarctic Polar Front as a biogeographic barrier to bacterial dispersal between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces. Conversely, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current appears as the main driver of gene flow, connecting sub-Antarctic Islands with Patagonia and maritime Antarctica. Additionally, historical processes (drift and dispersal limitation) govern up to 86% of the spatial turnover among Spirochaeta populations. Overall, our approach bridges the gap between microbial and macrobial ecology by revealing strong congruency with macroorganisms distribution patterns at the populational level, shaped by the same oceanographic structures and ecological processes. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Schwob, Segovia, González-Wevar, Cabrol, Orlando and Poulin.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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