Highly Efficient Uniaxial In-Plane Stretching of a 2D Material via Ion Insertion.

Autor: Muscher PK; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.; PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Rehn DA; Computational Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA., Sood A; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.; PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Lim K; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Luo D; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.; PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Shen X; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Zajac M; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA., Lu F; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA., Mehta A; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Li Y; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Wang X; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Reed EJ; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA., Chueh WC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA., Lindenberg AM; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.; Stanford Institute for Materials & Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.; PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) [Adv Mater] 2021 Sep; Vol. 33 (37), pp. e2101875. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 31.
DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101875
Abstrakt: On-chip dynamic strain engineering requires efficient micro-actuators that can generate large in-plane strains. Inorganic electrochemical actuators are unique in that they are driven by low voltages (≈1 V) and produce considerable strains (≈1%). However, actuation speed and efficiency are limited by mass transport of ions. Minimizing the number of ions required to actuate is thus key to enabling useful "straintronic" devices. Here, it is shown that the electrochemical intercalation of exceptionally few lithium ions into WTe 2 causes large anisotropic in-plane strain: 5% in one in-plane direction and 0.1% in the other. This efficient stretching of the 2D WTe 2 layers contrasts to intercalation-induced strains in related materials which are predominantly in the out-of-plane direction. The unusual actuation of Li x WTe 2 is linked to the formation of a newly discovered crystallographic phase, referred to as Td', with an exotic atomic arrangement. On-chip low-voltage (<0.2 V) control is demonstrated over the transition to the novel phase and its composition. Within the Td'-Li 0.5- δ WTe 2 phase, a uniaxial in-plane strain of 1.4% is achieved with a change of δ of only 0.075. This makes the in-plane chemical expansion coefficient of Td'-Li 0.5-δ WTe 2 far greater than of any other single-phase material, enabling fast and efficient planar electrochemical actuation.
(© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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