Together let us confront it: An outbreak investigation of hepatitis B in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala.

Autor:	Varghese SM; Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., Sheeja AL; District Medical Officer (DMO), Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India., Samuel Johnson AK; Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., Sushan A; District Programme Manager, Arogyakeralam, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India., Nandini CS; Deputy DMO and District Surveillance Officer (DSO), Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India., Chandy GM; Director and CEO, Believers Church Medical College (BCMCH), Thiruvalla, Kerala, India.; Department of Gastroenterology, BCMCH, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., Rakesh PS; WHO Consultant, State TB Cell, Trivandrum, Kerala, India., Joseph MR; Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., David A; Epidemiologist and Research Head, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., Mathew G; Department of Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India., Alexander P; District Epidemiologist, District Medical Office, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of family medicine and primary care [J Family Med Prim Care] 2021 Jun; Vol. 10 (6), pp. 2159-2165. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 02.
DOI:	10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2343_20
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The established routes of transmission are from mother to infant, sexual contact, and exposure to blood or body fluids. Though HBV is preventable by vaccine and robust infection control practices, outbreaks of HBV infection do occur in India. However, the state of Kerala with its health parameters, one among the best in the country, cannot afford to have continuing outbreaks. An unusual increase in the reported cases of Hepatitis B in a rural area of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, called for an outbreak investigation. Aims: To describe the epidemiological features, to determine the risk factors associated with HBV transmission, and to suggest measures to prevent future transmission. Methods: A community-based case-control study (1:2) was undertaken. A total of 162 participants (54 cases and 108 age, gender, and neighborhood matched controls) took part in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with subject experts to develop an interview schedule assessing 40 risk factors. It was further reviewed by the University of Sydney. Data was collected by trained Junior Health Inspectors and Junior Public Health Nurses of the Primary Health Centers. Data was analyzed using SPSS v. 20. Proportions were compared by Univariate analysis, sub-group analysis, and logistic regression. Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was also calculated. Results and Conclusion: More than 90% of the infections were IgM anti-HBc positive, suggesting a recent infection. Interventions during hospitalization [OR: 7.98 (95% CI - 2.17--29.4)], family history of Hepatitis B [OR. 4.14 (95%CI - 1.73--9.9)], and laboratory investigations [OR: 3.99 (1.72--9.31)] were found to be significant risk factors. PAR was highest for laboratory interventions (32%). Vaccinating household contacts and strict enforcement of infection control practices could substantially reduce the burden of this fatal disease. Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest. (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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