| Autor: |
Sherwood CR; Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, US Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA; email: csherwood@usgs.gov., van Dongeren A; Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands.; Coastal and Urban Risk and Resilience, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands., Doyle J; US Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California 93943, USA., Hegermiller CA; Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, US Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA; email: csherwood@usgs.gov., Hsu TJ; Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA., Kalra TS; Integrated Statistics (contracted to the US Geological Survey), Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA., Olabarrieta M; Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA., Penko AM; US Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA., Rafati Y; Center for Applied Coastal Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA., Roelvink D; Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands.; Coastal and Urban Risk and Resilience, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands., van der Lugt M; Marine and Coastal Systems, Deltares, 2629 HV Delft, The Netherlands.; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands., Veeramony J; US Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA., Warner JC; Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, US Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA; email: csherwood@usgs.gov. |
| Abstrakt: |
This review focuses on recent advances in process-based numerical models of the impact of extreme storms on sandy coasts. Driven by larger-scale models of meteorology and hydrodynamics, these models simulate morphodynamics across the Sallenger storm-impact scale, including swash,collision, overwash, and inundation. Models are becoming both wider (as more processes are added) and deeper (as detailed physics replaces earlier parameterizations). Algorithms for wave-induced flows and sediment transport under shoaling waves are among the recent developments. Community and open-source models have become the norm. Observations of initial conditions (topography, land cover, and sediment characteristics) have become more detailed, and improvements in tropical cyclone and wave models provide forcing (winds, waves, surge, and upland flow) that is better resolved and more accurate, yielding commensurate improvements in model skill. We foresee that future storm-impact models will increasingly resolve individual waves, apply data assimilation, and be used in ensemble modeling modes to predict uncertainties. |
