Lanthanide-Based Nanosensors: Refining Nanoparticle Responsiveness for Single Particle Imaging of Stimuli.

Autor:	Casar JR; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States., McLellan CA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States., Siefe C; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States., Dionne JA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	ACS photonics [ACS Photonics] 2021 Jan 20; Vol. 8 (1), pp. 3-17. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 16.
DOI:	10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00894
Abstrakt:	Lanthanide nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising sensors of chemical, mechanical, and temperature changes; they combine the narrow-spectral emission and long-lived excited states of individual lanthanide ions with the high spatial resolution and controlled energy transfer of nanocrystalline architectures. Despite considerable progress in optimizing LNP brightness and responsiveness for dynamic sensing, detection of stimuli with a spatial resolution approaching that of individual nanoparticles remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we highlight the existing capabilities and outstanding challenges of LNP sensors, en-route to nanometer-scale, single particle sensor resolution. First, we summarize LNP sensor read-outs, including changes in emission wavelength, lifetime, intensity, and spectral ratiometric values that arise from modified energy transfer networks within nanoparticles. Then, we describe the origins of LNP sensor imprecision, including sensitivity to competing conditions, interparticle heterogeneities, such as the concentration and distribution of dopant ions, and measurement noise. Motivated by these sources of signal variance, we describe synthesis characterization feedback loops to inform and improve sensor precision, and introduce noise-equivalent sensitivity as a figure of merit of LNP sensors. Finally, we project the magnitudes of chemical and pressure stimulus resolution achievable with single LNPs at nanoscale resolution. Our perspective provides a roadmap for translating ensemble LNP sensing capabilities to the single particle level, enabling nanometer-scale sensing in biology, medicine, and sustainability. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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