α-Synuclein: An All-Inclusive Trip Around its Structure, Influencing Factors and Applied Techniques.

Autor:	Bisi N; BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France., Feni L; DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica 'A. Marchesini', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy., Peqini K; DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica 'A. Marchesini', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy., Pérez-Peña H; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy., Ongeri S; BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France., Pieraccini S; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy., Pellegrino S; DISFARM-Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione Chimica Generale e Organica 'A. Marchesini', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in chemistry [Front Chem] 2021 Jul 07; Vol. 9, pp. 666585. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 07 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fchem.2021.666585
Abstrakt:	Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is a highly expressed and conserved protein, typically found in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. The misfolding and aggregation of αSyn into amyloid fibrils is a pathogenic hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease. Since αSyn is an Intrinsically Disordered Protein, the characterization of its structure remains very challenging. Moreover, the mechanisms by which the structural conversion of monomeric αSyn into oligomers and finally into fibrils takes place is still far to be completely understood. Over the years, various studies have provided insights into the possible pathways that αSyn could follow to misfold and acquire oligomeric and fibrillar forms. In addition, it has been observed that αSyn structure can be influenced by different parameters, such as mutations in its sequence, the biological environment (e.g., lipids, endogenous small molecules and proteins), the interaction with exogenous compounds (e.g., drugs, diet components, heavy metals). Herein, we review the structural features of αSyn (wild-type and disease-mutated) that have been elucidated up to present by both experimental and computational techniques in different environmental and biological conditions. We believe that this gathering of current knowledge will further facilitate studies on αSyn, helping the planning of future experiments on the interactions of this protein with targeting molecules especially taking into consideration the environmental conditions. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Bisi, Feni, Peqini, Pérez-Peña, Ongeri, Pieraccini and Pellegrino.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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