Assessment of Unstimulated Whole Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Cellular Micronuclei Levels in Snuff (Naswar) Users and Non-Users for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Autor:	Muhammad W; Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan.; Department of Oral Pathology, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan., Khan MM; Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan.; Department of Oral Pathology, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan., Zafar S; Department of Pharmacology, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan.; Department of Pharmacology, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan., Alqutub MN; Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., AlMubarak AM; Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., Mokeem S; Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., Khan ZA; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72311, Saudi Arabia., Usman MK; Department of Oral Pathology, Peshawar Medical College, Warsak Road, Peshawar 25160, Pakistan.; Department of Oral Pathology, Riphah International University, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan., Ahmed N; Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan., Aldahiyan N; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., Vohra F; Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia., Abduljabbar T; Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of environmental research and public health [Int J Environ Res Public Health] 2021 Jul 06; Vol. 18 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 06.
DOI:	10.3390/ijerph18147230
Abstrakt:	The aim of the study was to investigate the unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cellular micronuclei in snuff dippers (Naswar) compared to healthy control subjects. The case control study was conducted over 9 months at a tertiary care center. Sixty patients were divided into two groups: Snuff dippers (SD) (Naswar) and non-snuff dippers (NSD) (control subjects). The included self-reported SD used Snuff twice daily for more than 12 months. UWS was collected and salivary TNF-α assessment was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For cellular micronuclei, buccal mucosa was brushed to obtain cells in Naswar users, fixed with a dibutylphthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX) mounting to view micronuclei. Means and standard deviations were compared using the t-test and outcomes were related using Pearson correlation, considering p ≤ 0.05 as significant. The mean age of participants was 38.85 ± 11.56 years. The mean duration of snuff use was 20.43 ± 12.79 years and the common site for Naswar placement was the lower vestibule ( n = 19, 63.3%). TNF-α levels among SD were 9.6 ± 3.3 pg/mL, which were significantly higher than levels in NSD, 5.2 ± 3 pg/mL ( p < 0.05). The number of cellular micronuclei in SD was 30.7 ± 7.8, which was comparatively higher than in NSD, which was 9.2 ± 3.3 ( p < 0.05). The duration of snuff use was positively correlated to TNF-α levels ( p = 0.048) rather than the micronuclei number ( p = 0.97). SD showed higher levels of TNF-α and cellular micronuclei compared with NSD (control subjects); a positive correlation was shown with the duration of snuff use. We conclude that TNF-α and micronuclei are potential salivary biomarkers for an oral biological effect in snuff (Naswar) users.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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