Reciprocity With Unequal Payoffs: Cooperative and Uncooperative Interactions Affect Disadvantageous Inequity Aversion.

Autor:	Suarez CJ; Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; National Institute of Science and Technology about Cognition, Behavior and Teaching, São Carlos, Brazil., Benvenuti MF; Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; National Institute of Science and Technology about Cognition, Behavior and Teaching, São Carlos, Brazil., Couto KC; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway., Siqueira JO; Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Abreu-Rodrigues J; Department of Basic Psychological Processes, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil., Lionello-DeNolf KM; Department of Psychology, Assumption University, Worcester, MA, United States., Sandaker I; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in psychology [Front Psychol] 2021 Jul 02; Vol. 12, pp. 628425. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 02 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628425
Abstrakt:	Cooperation among unrelated individuals can evolve through reciprocity. Reciprocal cooperation is the process in which lasting social interactions provide the opportunity to learn about others' behavior, and to further predict the outcome of future encounters. Lasting social interactions may also decrease aversion to unequal distribution of gains - when individuals accept inequity payoffs knowing about the possibility of future encounters. Thus, reciprocal cooperation and aversion to inequity can be complementary phenomena. The present study investigated the effects of cooperative and uncooperative interactions on participants' aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Participants played an experimental task in the presence of a confederate who acted as a second participant. In reality, the participant interacted with a computer programed to make cooperative and uncooperative choices. After interacting with a cooperative or uncooperative computer, participants chose between blue cards to produce larger gains to the computer and smaller for him/her or green cards to produce equal and smaller gains for both. Results confirmed our first hypothesis that uncooperative interactions would produce aversion to disadvantageous inequity. Lastly, half of the participants were informed that points received during the experiment could be later exchanged for money, and half were not. Results indicated that information about monetary outcomes did not affect aversion to inequity, contradicting our second hypothesis. We discuss these results in the light of theories of reciprocal cooperation, inequity aversion, and conformity. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Suarez, Benvenuti, Couto, Siqueira, Abreu-Rodrigues, Lionello-DeNolf and Sandaker.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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