The hourglass model of evolutionary conservation during embryogenesis extends to developmental enhancers with signatures of positive selection.

Autor:	Liu J; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland., Viales RR; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany., Khoueiry P; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany., Reddington JP; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany., Girardot C; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany., Furlong EEM; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany., Robinson-Rechavi M; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Genome research [Genome Res] 2021 Sep; Vol. 31 (9), pp. 1573-1581. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jul 15.
DOI:	10.1101/gr.275212.121
Abstrakt:	Inter-species comparisons of both morphology and gene expression within a phylum have revealed a period in the middle of embryogenesis with more similarity between species compared with earlier and later time points. This "developmental hourglass" pattern has been observed in many phyla, yet the evolutionary constraints on gene expression, as well as the underlying mechanisms of how this is regulated, remain elusive. Moreover, the role of positive selection on gene regulation in the more diverged earlier and later stages of embryogenesis remains unknown. Here, using DNase-seq to identify regulatory regions in two distant Drosophila species ( D. melanogaster and D. virilis ), we assessed the evolutionary conservation and adaptive evolution of enhancers throughout multiple stages of embryogenesis. This revealed a higher proportion of conserved enhancers at the phylotypic period, providing a regulatory basis for the hourglass expression pattern. Using an in silico mutagenesis approach, we detect signatures of positive selection on developmental enhancers at early and late stages of embryogenesis, with a depletion at the phylotypic period, suggesting positive selection as one evolutionary mechanism underlying the hourglass pattern of animal evolution. (© 2021 Liu et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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