Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy.

Autor:	Padalino B; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Cirone F; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Zappaterra M; Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Tullio D; Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Bari (ASL BA) - Local Health Authority Veterinary Service, Bari, Italy., Ficco G; Siciliani S.p.A. Industria Lavorazione Carne, Bari, Italy., Giustino A; Self Employed Veterinarian, Bari, Italy., Ndiana LA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Pratelli A; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in veterinary science [Front Vet Sci] 2021 Jun 28; Vol. 8, pp. 627894. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 28 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fvets.2021.627894
Abstrakt:	Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers ( n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis , and Pasteurella multocida . Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis , and P. multocida increased dramatically ( p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 ( p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica , and P. multocida ( p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni ( p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations. Competing Interests: GF was employed by the company Siciliani S.p.A. Industria Lavorazione Carne. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Padalino, Cirone, Zappaterra, Tullio, Ficco, Giustino, Ndiana and Pratelli.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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