Glutathione S-Transferase Polymorphisms and Clinical Characteristics in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Autor:	Mandic-Maravic V; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Mitkovic-Voncina M; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Pljesa-Ercegovac M; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia., Savic-Radojevic A; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia., Djordjevic M; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia., Ercegovac M; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia., Pekmezovic T; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Institute of Epidemiology, Belgrade, Serbia., Simic T; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia., Pejovic-Milovancevic M; Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in psychiatry [Front Psychiatry] 2021 Jun 25; Vol. 12, pp. 672389. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 25 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fpsyt.2021.672389
Abstrakt:	Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders, with different levels of symptoms, functioning, and comorbidities. Recent findings suggested that oxidative stress and genetic variability in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) might increase the risk of ASD development. We aimed to determine whether GST polymorphisms influence the severity of symptoms as well as the cognitive and adaptive abilities in children with ASD. Methods: The sample included 113 ASD cases. All participants were genotyped for GSTA1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. The clinical characteristics were determined with Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) in all of the participants. In non-verbal participants, we explored the adaptive functioning using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II, while in verbal participants, we used the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Results: It was shown that the GSTA1 * CC genotype was a predictor of a lower non-verbal communication impairment as well as of a lower chance of having seizures during life. GSTM1-active genotype predicted a higher adaptive functioning. The predictive effect of GSTA1, GSTM1 , and GSTT1 genotype was moderated by exposure during pregnancy (maternal smoking and medication). The GSTP1 * IleIle genotype was significantly associated to a better cognitive functioning in children with ASD. Conclusion: Besides the complex gene-environment interaction for the specific risk of developing ASD, there is also a possible complexity of interactions between genetic and environmental factors influencing the level of symptoms and impairment in people with ASD. Detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, such as GSTA1, might contribute to the core of this complexity. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Mandic-Maravic, Mitkovic-Voncina, Pljesa-Ercegovac, Savic-Radojevic, Djordjevic, Ercegovac, Pekmezovic, Simic and Pejovic-Milovancevic.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu