Muscle Ionic Shifts During Exercise: Implications for Fatigue and Exercise Performance.

Autor: Hostrup M; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Cairns SP; SPRINZ, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.; Health and Rehabilitation Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand., Bangsbo J; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Comprehensive Physiology [Compr Physiol] 2021 Jun 30; Vol. 11 (3), pp. 1895-1959. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 30.
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190024
Abstrakt: Exercise causes major shifts in multiple ions (e.g., K + , Na + , H + , lactate - , Ca 2+ , and Cl - ) during muscle activity that contributes to development of muscle fatigue. Sarcolemmal processes can be impaired by the trans-sarcolemmal rundown of ion gradients for K + , Na + , and Ca 2+ during fatiguing exercise, while changes in gradients for Cl - and Cl - conductance may exert either protective or detrimental effects on fatigue. Myocellular H + accumulation may also contribute to fatigue development by lowering glycolytic rate and has been shown to act synergistically with inorganic phosphate (Pi) to compromise cross-bridge function. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ release function is severely affected by fatiguing exercise. Skeletal muscle has a multitude of ion transport systems that counter exercise-related ionic shifts of which the Na + /K + -ATPase is of major importance. Metabolic perturbations occurring during exercise can exacerbate trans-sarcolemmal ionic shifts, in particular for K + and Cl - , respectively via metabolic regulation of the ATP-sensitive K + channel (K ATP ) and the chloride channel isoform 1 (ClC-1). Ion transport systems are highly adaptable to exercise training resulting in an enhanced ability to counter ionic disturbances to delay fatigue and improve exercise performance. In this article, we discuss (i) the ionic shifts occurring during exercise, (ii) the role of ion transport systems in skeletal muscle for ionic regulation, (iii) how ionic disturbances affect sarcolemmal processes and muscle fatigue, (iv) how metabolic perturbations exacerbate ionic shifts during exercise, and (v) how pharmacological manipulation and exercise training regulate ion transport systems to influence exercise performance in humans. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1895-1959, 2021.
(Copyright © 2021 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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