| Autor: |
Matowo NS; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Nancy.Matowo@lshtm.ac.uk., Martin J; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Kulkarni MA; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada., Mosha JF; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania., Lukole E; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania., Isaya G; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Shirima B; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Kaaya R; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Moyes C; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hancock PA; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Rowland M; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Manjurano A; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania., Mosha FW; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania., Protopopoff N; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Messenger LA; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. louisa.messenger@lshtm.ac.uk. |
| Abstrakt: |
Anopheles funestus is playing an increasing role in malaria transmission in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where An. gambiae s.s. has been effectively controlled by long-lasting insecticidal nets. We investigated vector population bionomics, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission dynamics in 86 study clusters in North-West Tanzania. An. funestus s.l. represented 94.5% (4740/5016) of all vectors and was responsible for the majority of malaria transmission (96.5%), with a sporozoite rate of 3.4% and average monthly entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of 4.57 per house. Micro-geographical heterogeneity in species composition, abundance and transmission was observed across the study district in relation to key ecological differences between northern and southern clusters, with significantly higher densities, proportions and EIR of An. funestus s.l. collected from the South. An. gambiae s.l. (5.5%) density, principally An. arabiensis (81.1%) and An. gambiae s.s. (18.9%), was much lower and closely correlated with seasonal rainfall. Both An. funestus s.l. and An. gambiae s.l. were similarly resistant to alpha-cypermethrin and permethrin. Overexpression of CYP9K1, CYP6P3, CYP6P4 and CYP6M2 and high L1014S-kdr mutation frequency were detected in An. gambiae s.s. populations. Study findings highlight the urgent need for novel vector control tools to tackle persistent malaria transmission in the Lake Region of Tanzania. |
