The distinction between discriminability and reliability in forensic science.

Autor: Smith AM; Iowa State University, United States. Electronic address: amsmith@iastate.edu., Neal TMS; Arizona State University, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society [Sci Justice] 2021 Jul; Vol. 61 (4), pp. 319-331. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 27.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.04.002
Abstrakt: Forensic science plays an increasingly important role in the criminal justice system; yet, many forensic procedures have not been subject to the empirical scrutiny that is expected in other scientific disciplines. Over the past two decades, the scientific community has done well to bridge the gap, but have likely only scratched the tip of the iceberg. We offer the discriminability-reliability distinction as a critical framework to guide future research on diagnostic-testing procedures in the forensic science domain. We argue that the primary concern of the scientist ought to be maximizing discriminability and that the primary concern of the criminal justice system ought to be assessing the reliability of evidence. We argue that Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis is uniquely equipped for determining which of two procedures or conditions has better discriminability and we also demonstrate how estimates of reliability can be extracted from this Signal Detection framework.
(Copyright © 2021 The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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