The absolute chronology of Boker Tachtit (Israel) and implications for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in the Levant.

Autor:	Boaretto E; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; elisabetta.boaretto@weizmann.ac.il omry@israntique.org.il.; Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel., Hernandez M; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany., Goder-Goldberger M; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.; Department of Bible, Archaeology and the Ancient Near East, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel., Aldeias V; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, 8005/139 Faro, Portugal., Regev L; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel., Caracuta V; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.; Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France., McPherron SP; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany., Hublin JJ; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.; Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France., Weiner S; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.; Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel., Barzilai O; Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; elisabetta.boaretto@weizmann.ac.il omry@israntique.org.il.; Archaeological Research Department, Israel Antiquities Authority, 91004 Jerusalem, Israel.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2021 Jun 22; Vol. 118 (25).
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2014657118
Abstrakt:	The Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is a crucial lithic assemblage type in the archaeology of southwest Asia because it marks a dramatic shift in hominin populations accompanied by technological changes in material culture. This phase is conventionally divided into two chronocultural phases based on the Boker Tachtit site, central Negev, Israel. While lithic technologies at Boker Tachtit are well defined, showing continuity from one phase to another, the absolute chronology is poorly resolved because the radiocarbon method used had a large uncertainty. Nevertheless, Boker Tachtit is considered to be the origin of the succeeding Early Upper Paleolithic Ahmarian tradition that dates in the Negev to ∼42,000 y ago (42 ka). Here, we provide 14 C and optically stimulated luminescence dates obtained from a recent excavation of Boker Tachtit. The new dates show that the early phase at Boker Tachtit, the Emirian, dates to 50 through 49 ka, while the late phase dates to 47.3 ka and ends by 44.3 ka. These results show that the IUP started in the Levant during the final stages of the Late Middle Paleolithic some 50,000 y ago. The later IUP phase in the Negev chronologically overlaps with the Early Upper Paleolithic Ahmarian of the Mediterranean woodland region between 47 and 44 ka. We conclude that Boker Tachtit is the earliest manifestation of the IUP in Eurasia. The study shows that distinguishing the chronology of the IUP from the Late Middle Paleolithic, as well as from the Early Upper Paleolithic, is much more complex than previously thought. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
Externí odkaz:	Zobrazit plný text záznamu