Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

Autor:	Whittle C; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Hall ED; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Dwyer S; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Mavalvala N; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Sudhir V; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. vivishek@mit.edu.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Abbott R; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Ananyeva A; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Austin C; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA., Barsotti L; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Betzwieser J; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Blair CD; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA.; OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Brooks AF; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Brown DD; OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia., Buikema A; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Cahillane C; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Driggers JC; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Effler A; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Fernandez-Galiana A; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Fritschel P; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Frolov VV; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Hardwick T; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA., Kasprzack M; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Kawabe K; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Kijbunchoo N; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Kissel JS; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Mansell GL; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Matichard F; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., McCuller L; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., McRae T; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Mullavey A; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Pele A; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Schofield RMS; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Sigg D; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Tse M; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Vajente G; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Vander-Hyde DC; Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA., Yu H; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Yu H; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Adams C; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Adhikari RX; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Appert S; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Arai K; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Areeda JS; California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA., Asali Y; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Aston SM; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Baer AM; Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA., Ball M; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Ballmer SW; Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA., Banagiri S; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA., Barker D; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Bartlett J; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Berger BK; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Bhattacharjee D; Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA., Billingsley G; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Biscans S; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Blair RM; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Bode N; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany., Booker P; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany., Bork R; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Bramley A; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Cannon KC; RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan., Chen X; OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia., Ciobanu AA; OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia., Clara F; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Compton CM; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Cooper SJ; University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK., Corley KR; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Countryman ST; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Covas PB; Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain., Coyne DC; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Datrier LEH; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Davis D; Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA., Di Fronzo C; University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK., Dooley KL; Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.; The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA., Dupej P; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Etzel T; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Evans M; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Evans TM; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Feicht J; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Fulda P; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Fyffe M; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Giaime JA; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Giardina KD; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Godwin P; The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA., Goetz E; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.; Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada., Gras S; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Gray C; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Gray R; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Green AC; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Gustafson EK; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Gustafson R; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Hanks J; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Hanson J; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Hasskew RK; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Heintze MC; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Helmling-Cornell AF; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Holland NA; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Jones JD; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Kandhasamy S; Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India., Karki S; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., King PJ; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Kumar R; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Landry M; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Lane BB; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Lantz B; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Laxen M; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Lecoeuche YK; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada., Leviton J; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Liu J; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany., Lormand M; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Lundgren AP; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK., Macas R; Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK., MacInnis M; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Macleod DM; Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK., Márka S; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Márka Z; Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA., Martynov DV; University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK., Mason K; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Massinger TJ; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., McCarthy R; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., McClelland DE; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., McCormick S; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., McIver J; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada., Mendell G; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Merfeld K; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Merilh EL; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Meylahn F; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany., Mistry T; The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK., Mittleman R; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Moreno G; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Mow-Lowry CM; University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK., Mozzon S; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK., Nelson TJN; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Nguyen P; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Nuttall LK; University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK., Oberling J; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Oram RJ; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Osthelder C; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Ottaway DJ; OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia., Overmier H; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Palamos JR; University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA., Parker W; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA.; Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA., Payne E; OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia., Penhorwood R; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Perez CJ; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Pirello M; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Radkins H; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Ramirez KE; The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA., Richardson JW; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Riles K; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Robertson NA; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Rollins JG; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Romel CL; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Romie JH; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Ross MP; University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA., Ryan K; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Sadecki T; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Sanchez EJ; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Sanchez LE; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Saravanan TR; Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India., Savage RL; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Schaetz D; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Schnabel R; Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany., Schwartz E; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Sellers D; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Shaffer T; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Slagmolen BJJ; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Smith JR; California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA., Soni S; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA., Sorazu B; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Spencer AP; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Strain KA; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Sun L; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Szczepańczyk MJ; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA., Thomas M; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Thomas P; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Thorne KA; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Toland K; SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK., Torrie CI; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Traylor G; LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA., Urban AL; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA., Valdes G; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA., Veitch PJ; OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia., Venkateswara K; University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA., Venugopalan G; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Viets AD; Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA., Vo T; Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA., Vorvick C; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Wade M; Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA., Ward RL; OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia., Warner J; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Weaver B; LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA., Weiss R; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA., Willke B; Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany., Wipf CC; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Xiao L; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Yamamoto H; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Zhang L; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Zucker ME; Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA., Zweizig J; LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2021 Jun 18; Vol. 372 (6548), pp. 1333-1336.
DOI:	10.1126/science.abh2634
Abstrakt:	The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems. (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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