Postgraduate ethics training programs: a systematic scoping review.

Autor: Hong DZ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Goh JL; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Ong ZY; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Ting JJQ; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Wong MK; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Wu J; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Tan XH; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Toh RQE; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Chiang CLL; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Ng CWH; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Ng JCK; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Ong YT; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Cheong CWS; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Tay KT; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Tan LHS; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Phua GLG; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore., Fong W; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, 16 College Road, Block 6 Level 9, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169854, Singapore., Wijaya L; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.; Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore., Neo SHS; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Lee ASI; Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Chiam M; Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore., Chin AMC; Medical Library, National University of Singapore Libraries, Blk MD6, Centre, 14 Medical Dr, #05-01 for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore., Krishna LKR; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.; Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.; Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Cr, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.; Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Rd, L3 9TA, Liverpool, UK. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.; Centre of Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119077, Singapore. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.; PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308436, Singapore. lalit.radha-krishna@liverpool.ac.uk.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: BMC medical education [BMC Med Educ] 2021 Jun 09; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 338. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 09.
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02644-5
Abstrakt: Background: Molding competent clinicians capable of applying ethics principles in their practice is a challenging task, compounded by wide variations in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. Despite these differences, ethics training programs should recognise that the transition from medical students to healthcare professionals entails a longitudinal process where ethics knowledge, skills and identity continue to build and deepen over time with clinical exposure. A systematic scoping review is proposed to analyse current postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment programs in peer-reviewed literature to guide the development of a local physician training curriculum.
Methods: With a constructivist perspective and relativist lens, this systematic scoping review on postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment will adopt the Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) to create a transparent and reproducible review.
Results: The first search involving the teaching of ethics yielded 7669 abstracts with 573 full text articles evaluated and 66 articles included. The second search involving the assessment of ethics identified 9919 abstracts with 333 full text articles reviewed and 29 articles included. The themes identified from the two searches were the goals and objectives, content, pedagogy, enabling and limiting factors of teaching ethics and assessment modalities used. Despite inherent disparities in ethics training programs, they provide a platform for learners to apply knowledge, translating it to skill and eventually becoming part of the identity of the learner. Illustrating the longitudinal nature of ethics training, the spiral curriculum seamlessly integrates and fortifies prevailing ethical knowledge acquired in medical school with the layering of new specialty, clinical and research specific content in professional practice. Various assessment methods are employed with special mention of portfolios as a longitudinal assessment modality that showcase the impact of ethics training on the development of professional identity formation (PIF).
Conclusions: Our systematic scoping review has elicited key learning points in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. However, more research needs to be done on establishing Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA)s in ethics, with further exploration of the use of portfolios and key factors influencing its design, implementation and assessment of PIF and micro-credentialling in ethics practice.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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