Toilet training methods in children with normal neuropsychomotor development: A systematic review.

Autor: de Carvalho Mrad FC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil. Electronic address: flaviacarvalhomrad@gmail.com., da Silva ME; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil., Moreira Lima E; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil., Bessa AL; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil., de Bessa Junior J; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Urology Departament, avenida transnordestina s/n, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44036-900, Brazil., Netto JMB; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, School of Medicine, Urology Department, Av. Eugênio do Nascimento s/n Dom Bosco, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36038-330, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde de Juiz de Fora e Maternidade Therezinha de Jesus, Urology Department, R. Dr. Dirceu de Andrade, 33 - São Mateus, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36025-330, Brazil., de Almeida Vasconcelos MM; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Medicine, Pediatrics Departament, Neprology Unit, Avenida Alfredo Balena 190. sala 267, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of pediatric urology [J Pediatr Urol] 2021 Oct; Vol. 17 (5), pp. 635-643. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 13.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.05.010
Abstrakt: Background: Toilet training (TT) is an important milestone in child development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the different TT methods found in the literature and determine their effectiveness for the TT process.
Data Sources: Articles about toilet training were collected from databases, including PubMed and Scopus. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement was used to guide the systematic review.
Results: Two main classifications were used: a child-oriented approach and a structured behavioral approach. Most children were trained by the structured behavioral approach, with early onset, but at the age of completion of TT, similar to those who used a child-oriented approach. Success rates, in the few studies that reported, were better with the child-oriented approach. The lowest reported success rate was the daytime humidity alarm approach. There is no consensus on the best method to be used, as it involves a wide variety of parents' preferences and expectations and cultural differences, with studies showing great heterogeneity and methodological flaws that make meta-analysis unfeasible.
Conclusions: The approaches have not been directly compared, so it isn't possible to make definitive claims about one method's superiority over the other.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement No financial or nonfinancial benefits have been received or will be received from any party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.
(Copyright © 2021 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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