Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project.

Autor:	Liu S; Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Jørgensen JT; Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Ljungman P; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Dept of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Pershagen G; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden., Bellander T; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden., Leander K; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Magnusson PKE; Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Rizzuto D; Aging Research Center, Dept of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.; The Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden., Hvidtfeldt UA; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark., Raaschou-Nielsen O; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Dept of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark., Wolf K; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany., Hoffmann B; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany., Brunekreef B; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Strak M; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands., Chen J; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Mehta A; Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Atkinson RW; Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK., Bauwelinck M; Interface Demography, Dept of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Varraso R; CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm UMR 1018, Villejuif, France., Boutron-Ruault MC; CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm UMR 1018, Villejuif, France.; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France., Brandt J; Dept of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.; iClimate, Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Center for Climate Change, Roskilde, Denmark., Cesaroni G; Dept of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy., Forastiere F; Dept of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy., Fecht D; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK., Gulliver J; UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability and School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Hertel O; Dept of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark., de Hoogh K; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland., Janssen NAH; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands., Katsouyanni K; Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Ketzel M; Dept of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.; Global Centre for Clean Air Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK., Klompmaker JO; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands., Nagel G; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany., Oftedal B; Dept of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway., Peters A; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.; Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany., Tjønneland A; Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark., Rodopoulou SP; Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Samoli E; Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Kristoffersen DT; Cluster for Health Services Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway., Sigsgaard T; Dept of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Stafoggia M; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Dept of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy., Vienneau D; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland., Weinmayr G; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany., Hoek G; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Andersen ZJ; Dept of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark zorana.andersen@sund.ku.dk.; Center for Epidemiological Research, Nykøbing F Hospital, Nykøbing F, Denmark.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The European respiratory journal [Eur Respir J] 2021 Jun 04; Vol. 57 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 04 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1183/13993003.03099-2020
Abstrakt:	Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to childhood-onset asthma, although evidence is still insufficient. Within the multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term exposures to particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in adults. Methods: We pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land-use regression models at participants' baseline residential addresses. Associations of air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of 98 326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a mean follow-up of 16.6 years. We observed associations in fully adjusted models with hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI 1.04-1.43) per 5 μg·m -3 for PM 2.5 , 1.17 (95% CI 1.10-1.25) per 10 µg·m -3 for NO 2 and 1.15 (95% CI 1.08-1.23) per 0.5×10 -5  m -1 for BC. Hazard ratios were larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the European Union and US limit values and possibly World Health Organization guidelines for PM 2.5 and NO 2 . NO 2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in two-pollutant models with PM 2.5 , whereas PM 2.5 estimates were attenuated to unity. The concentration-response curves showed no evidence of a threshold. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values. Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: S. Liu has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.T. Jørgensen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P. Ljungman has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Pershagen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Bellander has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Leander has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: P.K.E. Magnusson has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Rizzuto has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: U.A. Hvidtfeldt has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: O. Raaschou-Nielsen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Wolf has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B. Hoffmann has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B. Brunekreef has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Strak has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Chen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R.W. Atkinson has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Bauwelinck has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Varraso has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M-C. Boutron-Ruault has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Brandt has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Cesaroni has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: F. Forastiere has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Fecht has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J. Gulliver has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: O. Hertel has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. de Hoogh has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: N.A.H. Janssen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Katsouyanni has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Ketzel has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: J.O. Klompmaker has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Nagel has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B. Oftedal has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Peters has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Tjønneland has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: S.P. Rodopoulou has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E Samoli has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D.T. Kristoffersen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: T. Sigsgaard has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: M. Stafoggia has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: D. Vienneau has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Weinmayr has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Hoek has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Z.J. Andersen has nothing to disclose. (Copyright ©ERS 2021.)
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