Effects of Field Fumigation and Inoculation With the Pecan Truffle ( Tuber lyonii ) on the Fungal Community of Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ) Seedlings Over 5 Years.

Autor:	Grupe AC 2nd; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States., Jusino MA; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.; Department of Biology, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States., Mujic AB; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.; Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States., Spakes-Richter B; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States., Bonito G; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States., Brenneman T; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States., Smith ME; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2021 May 13; Vol. 12, pp. 661515. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 13 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2021.661515
Abstrakt:	Truffle fungi are esteemed for their aromatic qualities and are among the most widely cultivated edible ectomycorrhizal fungi. Here we document a successful method for establishing Tuber lyonii , the pecan truffle, on pecan ( Carya illinoinensis ) seedlings in a field setting. We assessed the impacts of soil fumigation and varying concentrations of truffle spore inoculum on the ectomycorrhizal fungal and the complete fungal communities as well as the colonization of T. lyonii on pecan roots at three nurseries in Georgia, United States. To identify fungal communities on pecan seedlings, we performed high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS1 rDNA region. Our 5-year long field experiment demonstrates that fumigation and inoculation together resulted in the highest persistence of T. lyonii on pecan roots. While fungal OTU numbers fluctuated over the years of our experiments, there was no statistical support to demonstrate diversification of communities when Shannon diversity metrics were used. However, we did find that older seedlings were less likely to be dominated by T. lyonii compared to younger ones, suggesting successional changes in the fungal community over time. This suggests that transplanting inoculated seedlings after 2 or 3 years post-inoculation is optimal for future truffle propagation efforts. Our results demonstrate that T. lyonii can be established in situ with methods that are compatible with current pecan nursery industry practices and that fungal communities on pecan seedlings vary depending on the experimental treatments used during planting. While the pecan truffle is not yet widely cultivated, our results provide insights for future large-scale cultivation of this and perhaps other Tuber species. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Grupe, Jusino, Mujic, Spakes-Richter, Bonito, Brenneman and Smith.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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