COVID-19 and perinatal intimate partner violence: a cross-sectional survey of pregnant and postpartum individuals in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Autor:	Muldoon KA; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada kmuldoon@ohri.ca.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Denize KM; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Talarico R; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Boisvert C; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Frank O; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA., Harvey ALJ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Rennicks White R; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Fell DB; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., O'Hare-Gordon MA; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Guo Y; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; BORN Ontario, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Murphy MSQ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Corsi DJ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Sampsel K; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Wen SW; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Walker MC; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., El-Chaar D; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2021 May 27; Vol. 11 (5), pp. e049295. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 27.
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049295
Abstrakt:	Objective: The objectives of this study were to: (1) document violent and controlling behaviours within intimate partnerships during the perinatal period; and (2) determine individual, interpersonal and household-level factors influencing the risk of perinatal intimate partner violence (IPV). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Patients who gave birth at The Ottawa Hospital and were >20 days post partum between 17 March and 16 June 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: Perinatal IPV was defined as regular controlling behaviours or act-based forms of emotional/physical/sexual abuse in the 12 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy and/or post partum. Log-binomial multivariable regression models were used to compute adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% CIs to identify potential risk factors for IPV: maternal age, postpartum depression, parity, increase in partner substance use and household income. Results: Among 216 participants, the median maternal age was 33 years (IQR: 30-36). In total, 52 (24.07%) reported some form of perinatal IPV, 37 (17.13%) reported regular controlling behaviour and 9 (4.17%) reported both. Household income below the municipal median was the strongest risk factor for perinatal IPV (aRR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.87 to 5.59). There was no apparent association between maternal age (aRR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.04), postpartum depression (aRR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.07), nulliparity (aRR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.97) or increases in partner substance use (aRR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.42 to 1.25) with IPV. Conclusion: One in four individuals in this study experienced perinatal IPV. Household income was the strongest risk factor, and surprisingly, many hypothesised risk factors (eg, mental health, partner substance use, etc) were not significantly associated with perinatal IPV in this sample. This highlights the challenges in both measuring IPV and identifying individuals exposed to perinatal IPV during the high stress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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