Suicide methods in South Asia over two decades (2001-2020).
| Autor: | Arafat SMY; Department of Psychiatry, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Ali SA; Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, IS, Pakistan., Menon V; Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India., Hussain F; Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh., Ansari DS; Department of Critical Care Unit (Anesthesia and ICU), Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan., Baminiwatta A; Department of Psychiatry, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., Saleem T; Department of Psychology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, IS, Pakistan., Singh R; Department of Community Health Sciences, PatanAcademy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, BA, Nepal., Varadharajan N; Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India., Biyyala D; Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, PY, India., Kar SK; Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India., Khan MM; Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University, Karachi, SD, Pakistan. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | The International journal of social psychiatry [Int J Soc Psychiatry] 2021 Nov; Vol. 67 (7), pp. 920-934. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 24. |
| DOI: | 10.1177/00207640211015700 |
| Abstrakt: | Background: Suicide is a global preventable public health problem. About a quarter of all suicides in the world occur in South Asia. As means restriction is an important suicide prevention strategy, gaining knowledge of the common suicide methods and their changing trends in each country and region is crucial. Aims: We aimed to assess the suicide methods in South Asian countries over the last two decades. Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the search terms. Original articles of quantitative studies, published in the English language, from 2001 to 2020, with full-accessible text, that rank different methods of suicide in eight South Asian countries, were included. Results: A total of 68 studies were found eligible for review. The Maximum number of studies were found from India ( n = 38), followed by Bangladesh ( n = 12), Pakistan ( n = 9), Sri Lanka ( n = 6), and Nepal ( n = 3). Hanging ( n = 40, 55.8%) and poisoning ( n = 24, 35.3%) were the two most common suicide methods reported, in that order. Hanging followed by poisoning were the commonest suicide methods in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan while in Sri Lanka, poisoning was the preferred method to hanging. There is a decline in suicide by poisoning and an increase in suicide by hanging in Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and India. Although hanging is still the commonest method in Pakistan, the use of firearms is growing in recent years (2011-2020). Conclusions: There is a steady decline in the incidence of suicides by poisoning following pesticide regulations in South Asian countries. However, there is heterogeneity of study methods, probable under-reporting of suicide, and lack of robust suicide data. |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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