Intramuscular Temperature Changes in the Quadriceps Femoris Muscle After Post-Exercise Cold-Water Immersion (10°C for 10 min): A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Autor:	Freitag L; Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland., Clijsen R; Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland.; International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland.; Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland.; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Deflorin C; Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland., Taube W; Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland., Taeymans J; Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland.; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium., Hohenauer E; Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland.; International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland.; Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.; Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.; School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in sports and active living [Front Sports Act Living] 2021 May 06; Vol. 3, pp. 660092. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 06 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fspor.2021.660092
Abstrakt:	Post-exercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is a widely accepted recovery strategy for maintaining physical performance output. However, existing review articles about the effects of CWI commonly pool data from very heterogenous study designs and thus, do rarely differentiate between different muscles, different CWI-protocols (duration, temperature, etc.), different forms of activating the muscles before CWI, and different thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. This systematic review therefore aimed to investigate the effects of one particular post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) on intramuscular temperature changes in the quadriceps femoris muscle while accounting for skinfold thickness. An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases. Pooled data on intramuscular temperature changes were plotted with respect to intramuscular depth to visualize the influence of skinfold thickness. Spearman's rho (r s ) was used to assess a possible linear association between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature changes. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CWI on pre-post intramuscular temperature for each measurement depth. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria. Maximum intramuscular temperature reduction was 6.40°C with skinfold thickness of 6.50 mm at a depth of 1 cm, 4.50°C with skinfold thickness of 11.00 mm at a depth of 2 cm, and only 1.61°C with skinfold thickness of 10.79 mm at a depth of 3 cm. However, no significant correlations between skinfold thickness and intramuscular temperature reductions were observed at a depth of 1 cm ( r s = 0.0), at 2 cm ( r s = -0.8) and at 3 cm ( r s = -0.5; all p > 0.05). The CWI protocol resulted in significant temperature reductions in the muscle tissue layers at 1 cm ( d = -1.92 [95% CI: -3.01 to -0.83] and 2 cm ( d = -1.63 [95% CI: -2.20 to -1.06]) but not at 3 cm ( p < 0.05). Skinfold thickness and thus, subcutaneous adipose tissue, seems to influence temperature reductions in the muscle tissue only to a small degree. These findings might be useful for practitioners as they demonstrate different intramuscular temperature reductions after a specific post-exercise CWI protocol (10°C for 10 min) in the quadriceps femoris muscle. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Freitag, Clijsen, Deflorin, Taube, Taeymans and Hohenauer.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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