Characterisation of vaping liquids used in vaping devices across four countries: results from an analysis of selected vaping liquids reported by users in the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Autor:	Fix BV; Dept. of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA brian.fix@roswellpark.org., OConnor RJ; Dept. of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA., Goniewicz ML; Dept. of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA., Leigh NL; Dept. of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA., Cummings M; Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Hitchman SC; Department of Addictions, King's College London, London, UK., Fong GT; Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., El Nahas G; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Hammond D; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada., McNeill A; UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK., Borland R; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., King B; Vichealth Centre for Tobacco Control, cancer council victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia., Palumbo MN; Dept. of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Tobacco control [Tob Control] 2023 Jan; Vol. 32 (1), pp. 51-59. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 21.
DOI:	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056338
Abstrakt:	Objectives: This study presents an analysis of vaping products (VPs) purchased in the USA, Canada, England and Australia and assesses whether differences in regulations were associated with differences in the chemical composition of the VPs. Methods: April-September 2017, a total of 234 VP refill liquids and prefilled cartridges were purchased in convenience samples of retail locations in each country. Products were chosen from brands and styles most commonly reported by current VP users in the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. All products were tested for nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), minor tobacco alkaloids, organic acids and flavouring chemicals. Results: Consistent with the laws in Canada and Australia at the time of product purchase, nicotine was not detected in any of the VPs (n=10 in Canada; n=15 in Australia). US liquids (n=54) had a mean nicotine concentration of 16.2 mg/mL, (range=0.0-58.6) and English liquids (n=166) had a mean concentration of 11.9 mg/mL ((range=0.0-31.2) F(3244)=12.32, p<0.001). About 5% of English samples exceeded the UK's 20 mg/mL nicotine limit. Substantial country differences were observed in levels ofTSNAs, with the USA being higher than elsewhere. Of all products tested, 18.8% contained at least one organic acid. Liquids purchased in England contained far more identifiable flavouring chemicals than those in the other countries. Conclusions: VP composition, particularly with respect to nicotine and flavouring, varies by country, likely reflecting both marketplace preferences and country-specific regulations. There are differences between nicotine levels claimed on the package and actual levels, particularly in England. Competing Interests: Competing interests: MC and DH have each served as paid expert witnesses in legal challenges against cigarette companies. GTF has served as a paid expert witness on behalf of governments in litigation involving the tobacco industry. MLG reports research grant from Pfizer and membership in scientific advisory board to Johnson & Johnson, outside the scope of this paper. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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