Addressing personal protective equipment (PPE) decontamination: Methylene blue and light inactivates severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on N95 respirators and medical masks with maintenance of integrity and fit.

Autor: Lendvay TS; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States., Chen J; Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States., Harcourt BH; Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States., Scholte FEM; Department of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Immunology, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada., Lin YL; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Kilinc-Balci FS; National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States., Lamb MM; Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.; Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States., Homdayjanakul K; Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States., Cui Y; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States., Price A; The Anesthesia, Informatics and Media (AIM) Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States., Heyne B; Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Sahni J; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States., Kabra KB; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States., Lin YC; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Evans D; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Mores CN; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States., Page K; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada., Chu LF; The Anesthesia, Informatics and Media (AIM) Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States., Haubruge E; Gembloux AgroBioTech, Terra Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium., Thiry E; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Ludwig-Begall LF; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Wielick C; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Clark T; Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States., Wagner T; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States., Timm E; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States., Gallagher T; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States., Faris P; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada., Macia N; Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Mackie CJ; Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Simmons SM; W21C Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Reader S; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada., Malott R; W21C Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Hope K; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada., Davies JM; Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada.; W21C Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Tritsch SR; Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States., Dams L; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Nauwynck H; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium., Willaert JF; Gembloux AgroBioTech, Terra Research Center, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium., De Jaeger S; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Liao L; 4CAir, Inc, Sunnyvale, California, United States., Zhao M; 4CAir, Inc, Sunnyvale, California, United States., Laperre J; Centexbel, Grace-Hollogne, Belgium., Jolois O; Centexbel, Grace-Hollogne, Belgium., Smit SJ; Nelson Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States., Patel AN; Nelson Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States., Mayo M; British Standards Institution, London, United Kingdom., Parker R; Stryker, Québec, Québec, Canada., Molloy-Simard V; Stryker, Québec, Québec, Canada., Lemyre JL; Stryker, Québec, Québec, Canada., Chu S; Department of Physics, Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States., Conly JM; W21C Research and Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Chu MC; Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Infection control and hospital epidemiology [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol] 2022 Jul; Vol. 43 (7), pp. 876-885. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 21.
DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.230
Abstrakt: Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), underscoring the urgent need for simple, efficient, and inexpensive methods to decontaminate masks and respirators exposed to severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We hypothesized that methylene blue (MB) photochemical treatment, which has various clinical applications, could decontaminate PPE contaminated with coronavirus.
Design: The 2 arms of the study included (1) PPE inoculation with coronaviruses followed by MB with light (MBL) decontamination treatment and (2) PPE treatment with MBL for 5 cycles of decontamination to determine maintenance of PPE performance.
Methods: MBL treatment was used to inactivate coronaviruses on 3 N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) and 2 medical mask models. We inoculated FFR and medical mask materials with 3 coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and we treated them with 10 µM MB and exposed them to 50,000 lux of white light or 12,500 lux of red light for 30 minutes. In parallel, integrity was assessed after 5 cycles of decontamination using multiple US and international test methods, and the process was compared with the FDA-authorized vaporized hydrogen peroxide plus ozone (VHP+O 3 ) decontamination method.
Results: Overall, MBL robustly and consistently inactivated all 3 coronaviruses with 99.8% to >99.9% virus inactivation across all FFRs and medical masks tested. FFR and medical mask integrity was maintained after 5 cycles of MBL treatment, whereas 1 FFR model failed after 5 cycles of VHP+O 3 .
Conclusions: MBL treatment decontaminated respirators and masks by inactivating 3 tested coronaviruses without compromising integrity through 5 cycles of decontamination. MBL decontamination is effective, is low cost, and does not require specialized equipment, making it applicable in low- to high-resource settings.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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