Increased connectivity and depth improve the effectiveness of marine reserves.

Autor: Goetze JS; Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Kensington, WA, Australia.; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia., Wilson S; Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Kensington, WA, Australia.; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia., Radford B; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia., Fisher R; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia., Langlois TJ; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia., Monk J; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia., Knott NA; Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Huskisson, NSW, Australia., Malcolm H; Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia., Currey-Randall LM; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia., Ierodiaconou D; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Vic., Australia., Harasti D; Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia., Barrett N; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia., Babcock RC; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, St Lucia, Qld, Australia., Bosch NE; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia., Brock D; Department for Environment and Water SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia., Claudet J; National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Paris, France., Clough J; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia., Fairclough DV; Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA, Australia., Heupel MR; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia., Holmes TH; Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Marine Science Program, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Kensington, WA, Australia.; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia., Huveneers C; Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia., Jordan AR; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia.; Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia., McLean D; The UWA Oceans Institute, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia., Meekan M; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia., Miller D; Department for Environment and Water SA, Adelaide, SA, Australia., Newman SJ; Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA, Australia., Rees MJ; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia.; Fisheries Research, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Huskisson, NSW, Australia., Roberts KE; School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA., Saunders BJ; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia., Speed CW; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, UWA (MO96), Perth, WA, Australia., Travers MJ; Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA, Australia., Treml E; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia., Whitmarsh SK; Southern Shark Ecology Group, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia., Wakefield CB; Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, North Beach, WA, Australia., Harvey ES; School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2021 Aug; Vol. 27 (15), pp. 3432-3447. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 20.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15635
Abstrakt: Marine reserves are a key tool for the conservation of marine biodiversity, yet only ~2.5% of the world's oceans are protected. The integration of marine reserves into connected networks representing all habitats has been encouraged by international agreements, yet the benefits of this design has not been tested empirically. Australia has one of the largest systems of marine reserves, providing a rare opportunity to assess how connectivity influences conservation success. An Australia-wide dataset was collected using baited remote underwater video systems deployed across a depth range from 0 to 100 m to assess the effectiveness of marine reserves for protecting teleosts subject to commercial and recreational fishing. A meta-analytical comparison of 73 fished species within 91 marine reserves found that, on average, marine reserves had 28% greater abundance and 53% greater biomass of fished species compared to adjacent areas open to fishing. However, benefits of protection were not observed across all reserves (heterogeneity), so full subsets generalized additive modelling was used to consider factors that influence marine reserve effectiveness, including distance-based and ecological metrics of connectivity among reserves. Our results suggest that increased connectivity and depth improve the aforementioned marine reserve benefits and that these factors should be considered to optimize such benefits over time. We provide important guidance on factors to consider when implementing marine reserves for the purpose of increasing the abundance and size of fished species, given the expected increase in coverage globally. We show that marine reserves that are highly protected (no-take) and designed to optimize connectivity, size and depth range can provide an effective conservation strategy for fished species in temperate and tropical waters within an overarching marine biodiversity conservation framework.
(© 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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