Targeting Neutrophil Adhesive Events to Address Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Sickle Cell Patients.

Autor:	Morikis VA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States., Hernandez AA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States., Magnani JL; GlycoMimetics Inc., Rockville, MD, United States., Sperandio M; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Walter Brendel Center, Munich, Germany., Simon SI; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Apr 28; Vol. 12, pp. 663886. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 28 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2021.663886
Abstrakt:	Neutrophils are essential to protect the host against invading pathogens but can promote disease progression in sickle cell disease (SCD) by becoming adherent to inflamed microvascular networks in peripheral tissue throughout the body. During the inflammatory response, leukocytes extravasate from the bloodstream using selectin adhesion molecules and migrate to sites of tissue insult through activation of integrins that are essential for combating pathogens. However, during vaso-occlusion associated with SCD, neutrophils are activated during tethering and rolling on selectins upregulated on activated endothelium that line blood vessels. Recently, we reported that recognition of sLe x on L-selectin by E-selectin during neutrophil rolling initiates shear force resistant catch-bonds that facilitate tethering to endothelium and activation of integrin bond clusters that anchor cells to the vessel wall. Evidence indicates that blocking this important signaling cascade prevents the congestion and ischemia in microvasculature that occurs from neutrophil capture of sickled red blood cells, which are normally deformable ellipses that flow easily through small blood vessels. Two recently completed clinical trials of therapies targeting selectins and their effect on neutrophil activation in small blood vessels reveal the importance of mechanoregulation that in health is an immune adaption facilitating rapid and proportional leukocyte adhesion, while sustaining tissue perfusion. We provide a timely perspective on the mechanism underlying vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) with a focus on new drugs that target selectin mediated integrin adhesive bond formation. Competing Interests: JM is Senior Vice-President, for Research and Chief Scientific Officer of GlycoMimetics, Inc. He has a financial interest in clinical development of selectin antagonist currently in clinical trials. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Morikis, Hernandez, Magnani, Sperandio and Simon.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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