| Autor: |
da Silva KA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil., Nicola VB; Graduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil., Dudas RT; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil., Demetrio WC; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil., Maia LDS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil., Cunha L; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.; School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4BD, Wales, UK., Bartz MLC; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil.; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal., Brown GG; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Solo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 80035-050, Brasil.; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, Paraná, 83411-000, Brasil., Pasini A; Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brasil., Kille P; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK., Ferreira NGC; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ferreiran@cardiff.ac.uk., de Oliveira CMR; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil. cmara@up.edu.br.; Graduação em Biomedicina, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, 81280-330, Brasil. cmara@up.edu.br. |
| Abstrakt: |
With the growing global concern on pesticide management, the relationship between its environmental recalcitrance, food security and human health has never been more relevant. Pesticides residues are known to cause significant environmental contamination. Here, we present a case study on long-term no-tillage farming systems in Brazil, where Glyphosate (GLY) has been applied for more than 35 years. GLY and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were determined in topsoil (0-10 cm) samples from no-tillage fields and nearby subtropical secondary forests by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. In addition, the presence of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and triazines were also screened for. GLY and AMPA were present in all soil samples, reaching values higher than those described for soils so far in the literature. A significant decrease for AMPA was observed only between the secondary forest and the farm's middle slope for site B. GLY and AMPA were observed respectively at peak concentrations of 66.38 and 26.03 mg/kg soil. GLY was strongly associated with forest soil properties, while AMPA associated more with no-tillage soil properties. Soil texture was a significant factor contributing to discrimination of the results as clay and sand contents affect GLY and AMPA retention in soils. This was the first study to report DDT and metabolites in consolidated no-tillage soils in Brazil (a pesticide fully banned since 2009). Based on human risk assessment conducted herein and the potential risk of GLY to local soil communities, this study offers a baseline for future studies on potential adverse effects on soil biota, and mechanistic studies. |
