Effects of Short- and Long-Term Aerobic-Strength Training and Determinants of Walking Speed in the Elderly.

Autor:	Slobodová L; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Oreská Ľ; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Schön M; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Krumpolec P; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Tirpáková V; Institute of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Jurina P; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia., Laurovič J; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia., Vajda M; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Nemec M; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia., Hečková E; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Šoóšová I; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia., Cvečka J; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Hamar D; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Turčáni P; 1st Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia., Tsai CL; Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan., Bogner W; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Sedliak M; Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Krššák M; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Ukropec J; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia., Ukropcová B; Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science, Park for Biomedicine, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Gerontology [Gerontology] 2022; Vol. 68 (2), pp. 151-161. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 10.
DOI:	10.1159/000515325
Abstrakt:	Background/aims: Walking speed (WS) is an objective measure of physical capacity and a modifiable risk factor of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this study, we (i) determined effects of 3-month supervised aerobic-strength training on WS, muscle strength, and habitual physical activity; (ii) evaluated capacity of long-term (21 months) training to sustain higher WS; and (iii) identified determinants of WS in the elderly. Methods: Volunteers (F 48/M 14, 68.4 ± 7.1 years) completed either 3-month aerobic-strength (3 × 1 h/week, n = 48) or stretching (active control, n = 14) intervention (study A). Thirty-one individuals (F 24/M 7) from study A continued in supervised aerobic-strength training (2 × 1 h/week, 21 months) and 6 (F 5/M 1) became nonexercising controls. Results: Three-month aerobic-strength training increased preferred and maximal WS (10-m walk test, p < 0.01), muscle strength (p < 0.01) and torque (p < 0.01) at knee extension, and 24-h habitual physical activity (p < 0.001), while stretching increased only preferred WS (p < 0.03). Effect of training on maximal WS was most prominent in individuals with baseline WS between 1.85 and 2.30 m·s-1. Maximal WS measured before intervention correlated negatively with age (r = -0.339, p = 0.007), but this correlation was weakened by the intervention (r = -0.238, p = 0.06). WS progressively increased within the first 9 months of aerobic-strength training (p < 0.001) and remained elevated during 21-month intervention (p < 0.01). Cerebellar gray matter volume (MRI) was positively associated with maximal (r = 0.54; p < 0.0001) but not preferred WS and explained >26% of its variability, while age had only minor effect. Conclusions: Supervised aerobic-strength training increased WS, strength, and dynamics of voluntary knee extension as well as habitual physical activity in older individuals. Favorable changes in WS were sustainable over the 21-month period by a lower dose of aerobic-strength training. Training effects on WS were not limited by age, and cerebellar cortex volume was the key determinant of WS. (© 2021 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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