| Autor: |
Akkaif MA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia., Daud NAA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia., Sha'aban A; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia., Ng ML; Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia., Abdul Kader MAS; Department of Cardiology, Penang General Hospital, Pulau Pinang 10990, Malaysia., Noor DAM; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia., Ibrahim B; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Clopidogrel is a widely-used antiplatelet drug. It is important for the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease. Clopidogrel can effectively reduce platelet activity and therefore reduce stent thrombosis. However, some patients still have ischemic events despite taking the clopidogrel due to the alteration in clopidogrel metabolism attributable to various genetic and non-genetic factors. This review aims to summarise the mechanisms and causes of clopidogrel resistance (CR) and potential strategies to overcome it. This review summarised the possible effects of genetic polymorphism on CR among the Asian population, especially CYP2C19 *2 / *3 / *17 , where the prevalence rate among Asians was 23.00%, 4.61%, 15.18%, respectively. The review also studied the effects of other factors and appropriate strategies used to overcome CR. Generally, CR among the Asian population was estimated at 17.2-81.6%. Therefore, our overview provides valuable insight into the causes of RC. In conclusion, understanding the prevalence of drug metabolism-related genetic polymorphism, especially CYP2C19 alleles, will enhance clinical understanding of racial differences in drug reactions, contributing to the development of personalised medicine in Asia. |
